Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah is an accumulation of religious thought in various fields produced the scholars to address the issues that arise at certain times. Therefore, the process of formation of wal Jama'ah Ahl as an ideology or schools need a long period of time. As is known, fiqh or tasawwuf is formed not in the future, but emerge gradually and in a different time.
Schools is a method of understanding the religious teachings. Within Islam there are several kinds of schools, including schools of politics, such as the Kharijites, Shi'ites, and Ahlus Sunnah; madhhab kalam, the most important example is the Mu'tazilah, Ash'arite and Maturidiyyah; and schools of jurisprudence, ie the main thing is Malikiyah, Syafi'yah, Hanafiyah, and Hanbaleeyyah, bias is also coupled with the Shiites, Zhahiriyah and Ibadiyah (Al-Mausu'ah Al-Arabiyah Al-Muyassarah, 1965: 97).
The term Ahl wal Jama'ah consists of three words, "Ahlun", "Sunnah", and "Al-Jama'ah". All three belong together, not separate us something.
a. Meaning of words Ahlun
In the book of Al-fil-Lughah Munjid wal knows best, the word "Ahi" has two meanings, that is, besides the meaning of family and relatives, "Ahi" can also mean flow adherent or follower schools. If it is associated with the flow or schools as contained in the Al-Qamus Al-Muhith.
As the Qur'an itself, there are at least three meanings of "Ahl":
• First; "Ahl" means family, as represented the word of God QS. Hud verse 45: "My Lord, Behold my son Including family." Also in the QS. Thahaa verse 132: "And enjoin prayer on your family establish and be patient in doing it."
• Second; "Ahi", meaning the population, as in the word of God QS. Al-Araf verse 96: "If the people of the towns Had faith and fear, surely We will bestow on them the blessings of heaven and earth, but they belied (the verses of Us) it, so We seized them for their deeds."
• Third; "Ahl" means a person who has something disciplines; (Expert History, Chemists). As Allah says QS. An-Nahl verse 43: "Then ask the person who has the knowledge (ie, those who have knowledge of the Prophet and books) if you do not know."
b. Meaning of word Sunnah
According to Abul-Baqa 'in the book Kulliyat, in the language, "Sunnah" means the road, even if it is not the preferred way. Another meaning, Ath-Thariqah, Al-Hadith, As-Sirah, At-Tabi'ah and ash-Shariah. Namely, road or a system or method or preferred tradition and lived in religion, as practiced Prophet, good word, deed, or desire recognition and his ideals.
So in this case Sunnah is divided into 3 or 4 kinds. The First; Sunnah Al-qauliyah, the Sunnah of the Prophet in the form of words or words that come out of the oral Prophet. Both Sunnah Al-Fi'liyyah, the Sunnah of the Prophet in the form of the act or the work of the Prophet. Third; Sunnah At-Taqriryah, ie, all the words and deeds of the Companions of the Prophet heard and known, then silence as a sign he agreed. Furthermore, Sunnah also includes deeds, fatwas and traditions of the companions of the Prophet (Atsarus Shahabah). And that all four of them; Sunnah Al-Hammiyah, the Prophet desire to do a practice but not to carry it out he had died, as sunnah fasting 10 Muharram.
c. Meaning of words Jama'ah
According to Al-Munjid dictionary, the word "Al-Jama'ah" means everything that is composed of three or more. In Al-Mu'jam Al-Wasith, "Al-Jama'ah" is a group of people who have a goal. The notion of "Al-Jama'ah" in the Shari'ah is the majority in the Islamic group.
From the definition etimoligis above, then the meaning of wal Jama'ah Ahlussunnah in the history of Islam is the largest group of Muslims who follow the Islamic understanding of the system, both in monotheism and jurisprudence with emphasis on the Qur'an and the Hadith than reasonable proposition. It was as stated in the sunnah of the Messenger of Allah and the Sunnah (atsar) Khulafa'urrasyidin ra. The term Ahl wal Jama'ah in many ways is similar to the term Ahlussunnah wal wal Jama'ah Atsar, Ahlul Hadeeth Wassunnah, Wal-Ashhab Ahl al-Hadith, Ahl Wal Istiqamah, and Ahlul-Haqq Wassunnah.
To strengthen the things above are some traditions that can be expressed for example, in the book Faidhul Qadir chapters II and IV juz kitabSunan Abi Daud, Sunan Tirmidhi book chapters V, the book Sunan Ibn Majahjuz II and in the book of Al-Milal wa Nihal juz I , sequentially in the text of these books, as follows:
From Anas said, Rasululah Allah said, "Verily, my people will not agree in error, then when you see the dissent then you follow the highest class."
"Whoever who live among you after wafatku then he will see a lot of disputes, then you should hold on to my Sunnah and the Sunnah Khulafaurrasyidin receiving guidance, hold my Sunnah and the Sunnah Khulafaurrasyidin with strong and nibble with molars."
"Indeed, the Children of Israel split into 72 groups and my Ummah will split into 73 groups, all go to hell, but one group, they (Companions) asked: Who is the one group that O Messenger of Allah? He replied; "They were with me and my friends."
From friends A'uf ra said: The Messenger of Allah said, "For the sake of my soul in the hands of his, actually my Ummah will split into 73 groups, one in heaven and 72 classes to hell," asked, who's in heaven O Messenger of Allah? He said, "the majority group (the congregation)."
And what is meant by the majority group are those that conform with the Sunnah of the Companions.
Messenger of Allah said, "Will broke my Ummah will be 73 classes, which survived one group, and the rest destroyed." Asked who survived O Messenger of Allah? He replied, "Ahl wal Jama'ah." Asked again who Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah? He replied, "Group who follow my Sunnah and the Sunnah Khulafaurrasyidin."
2. The establishment of the History of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
Both mental underdevelopment, as well as experienced by the Indonesian economy as a result of colonization and due to the confines of tradition, arouse the consciousness of the educated to fight for the dignity of the nation, through the education and organization. Movement that emerged in 1908 is known as the National Awakening. The spirit of revival is continue to spread everywhere after the indigenous people aware of the suffering and catch up with other nations, as the answer comes various educational organizations and liberation.
The boarding school which has been persistent against colonialism, responded by forming the National Awakening movement organizations, such as Nahdlatul Wathan (Rise of the country) in 1916. Then in 1918 established Taswirul Afkar or also known as Nahdlatul Fikri (Awakening Thought), as a vehicle for social education the political and religious students. From there, he went didiririkanNahdlatut Tujjar (The Merchant of movement). States were used as the basis to improve the people's economy. With the Nahdlatut Tujjar it, then Taswirul Afkar addition to appearing as a study group is also the educational institution that is growing very rapidly and has branches in several cities.
When King Ibn Saud want to apply the single principle that the Wahabi sect in Makkah, and to destroy all the remnants of the history of Islam and pre-Islamic, which has been widely diziarahi because it was considered heresy. The idea of the Wahhabi gets a warm welcome from the modernists in Indonesia, both among Muhammadiyah under Muhammad Dahlan, and PSII under the leadership of HOS. Tjokroaminoto. Instead, the boarding school which has been defending the religious refuse bermadzhab restrictions and the destruction of the civilization heritage.
Different attitude, pesantren removed from Congressman Al-Islam in Yokyakarta 1925, the boarding school as a result have not been included as a delegate in Congress Alam Islami (Islamic Congress International) in Makkah which will validate the decision.
Driven by the passion to create freedom bermadzhab persistent and concerned with the preservation of the heritage of civilization, then the boarding school was forced to make his own delegation called the Hejaz Committee, which is chaired by KH. Wahab Hasbullah.
At the urging of the pesantren were collected in the hejaz, and challenges from all corners of the Muslims in the world, King Ibn Saud mungurungkan intentions. The results to date in Makkah conducted worship freely in accordance with their respective schools. That is the first international role, the successful fight for freedom bermadzhab and managed to save the relics of history and civilization are very valuable.
Departing from committees and organizations that are embryonic and ad hoc, then after it is necessary to establish an organization that is more encompassing and more systematic, to anticipate the times. So after coordinating with the scholars, finally emerged agreement to form an organization called the Nahdlatul Ulama (Ulama Awakening) on 16 Rajab 1344 AH (January 13, 1926). The organization is led by KH. Hasyim Ashari as Rais Akbar.
To affirm the basic principles of this organization, the KH. Hasyim Ashari formulate Book of Human Qanun (Principles), then also formulate Kitab wal Jama'ah I'tiqad Ahlussunnah. Both books are then embodied in Khiththah NU, which form the basis and reference NU members to think and act in social, religious and political (to develop other businesses that benefit society).
3. Religious Understanding Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) adopts Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah, a mindset that takes a middle ground between the extremes aqli (rationalist) with the extreme naqli (scripturalist). Because it is a source of ideas for NU not only the Qur'an and Sunnah, but also uses augmented reality capabilities empirical sense. Such a way of thinking referenced from earlier thinkers, such as Abu Hasan al-'Asy'ari danAbu Mansoor Al-Maturidi in theology. Then in the field of jurisprudence follows the four schools; Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali. While in the field of tasawwuf, develop methods of Al-Ghazali and Junaid al-Baghdadi, which integrates between tasawwuf with Shari'ah.
The idea of returning to khiththah in 1926, is an important moment to reinterpret the teachings of Ahl wal Jama'ah, and redefined methods of thought, both in the field of jurisprudence and social. And redefined the relationship NU with the state. The movement managed to revive the passion of thought and social dynamics within NU.
4. The purpose of the Organization of Nahdlatul Ulam (NU)
Uphold the teachings of Islam wal Jama'ah Ahlussunnah notion, in the midst of people's lives, in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).
Organization of Business:
1. In the field of religion, carry out propaganda Islamiyah and increase the sense of brotherhood that is grounded in the spirit of unity in diversity.
2. In the field of education, education in accordance with Islamic values, to form a pious Muslim, virtuous and knowledgeable.
3. In the field of socio-cultural, to promote the welfare of the people and the culture that corresponds to the value to Islamization and humanity.
4. In the economic field, seeking equal opportunity to enjoy the fruits of development, with emphasis on the economic development of the people.
5. Affirm the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) As Institutions All Ulamaan
Clerical issue resurfaced surface after Yemeni cleric Habib Umar bin Habib bin Sheikh Abu Bakr and and Rais Syuriah NU KH. Ma'ruf Amin insisted on the social responsibility of the scholars. Both scholars indicated the existence of irregularities role of the clergy that resulted in a moral aberration, so forget about the social responsibility that should they entailed as a mentor and protector of the people, especially as exemplary in moral midwife. Various disasters that arise, either natural or social nature, eventually recognized as a humanitarian disaster caused by human activity.
As is often said that today's humans including its scholars tend Hubbud Dunya (world love / material) so forget about moral responsibility and social responsibility, so that the people running without guidance. If it deviates, the scholars could not warned, because some are also involved in the irregularities, the damage becomes evenly without any authority that is able to stop it.
Critics of the scholars will inevitably lead to the Nahdlatul Ulama, because in addition to an organization as the scholars, in which there are indeed many of the scholars. After all the criticism should be dismissed by the NU.
When NU reduced to a social organization, the mission of spiritual moral being charge of the neglected social movements, thus anyone can be recruited into the organization's board even without having the qualifications or adequate clerical levels. Not all administrators need to scholars, but practitioners, activists need to understand and appreciate the clerical duties which is a prophetic task (prophetic). That means that the organization does not only work, but struggling, serve and even worship.
The difficulty of regeneration in the NU lead to the recruitment of cadres to walk carelessly, many people who do not know and understand about NU and missions carried struggle, but used as a caretaker. Such groups when entering NU often neglect their duties as functionaries NU, thus losing the sense of dedication, passion militancy and organization, and finally a lot of obstacles in the face of transnational militant Islamic movement and the persistent radical exert influence in the community. NU top priority today is to strengthen the sense of devotion, commitment to NU's mainly clerical commitment.
6. Sincerity Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in the Muslim brotherhood
Muslim brotherhood is a must for the Muslims who want unity and brotherhood. It is often manipulated. KH. Wahab Hasbullah ever remind adanyaUkhuwah coachman horse. One group became his charioteer, while other Islamic groups used as horse riding. Muslim brotherhood is often done when in desperate condition, and afterwards they apply the principle Musahaqah (competition) that without knowing each other even deny ethics.
Events that are often experienced by NU is how tenacious defense of the oppressed minority Islamic groups such as Shiite, but after being helped even biting creed and NU assets, so that in some places had been tension. Similarly Wahhabi groups that are currently involved fierce hostility to Shiite groups, suddenly closer to NU as Sunni Islamic groups, but so far NU considered heretical stream, so its presence is always teased and diharu-blue.
However NU is not happy with the Islamic belief that always harass people by distributing brochures, propaganda and guerrilla kepintu door. But for the sake of the unity of Islam, NU still trying to peace with the group. This was done because there is a large agenda that is more important to be achieved, namely the Islamic movement to unite the world.
Brotherhood must be based on sincerity, because there is equality of values, ideals of equality, and brotherhood that will run on a lasting basis of mutual trust, mutual respect and love. While ukhuwah manipulative based solely on short-term interests, which interests when interest has been achieved, then ukhuwah dumped. Love turned into a diatribe, togetherness becomes a threat, sincerity into hatred and so on. That's where the conflict between flow and return repeated schools either in the form of the Latin as the tension up in the form of an open conflict.
7. Support Base Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
The number of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) or support base is estimated to reach more than 40 million people, from different profesi.Sebagian of them commoners, both in cities and in villages. They have a high cohesiveness as socioeconomic have the same problem, besides that they also have a very animates the spirit and teachings of Ahl wal Jama'ah. In general they have a strong enough bond with the Islamic world which is the center of people's education and cultural heritage NU.
NU's support base is shifting, in line with the development and progress of industrialization. NU members in the village of many who migrated to the city. So today in labor and industrial sector is dominant, coupled with the opening of the education system, the intellectual base in NU also expanding, in line with the rapid social mobility that occurred during this
8. Assertiveness Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)
Since the first NU organization known as a moderate and tolerant. However, that does not mean not have an attitude. In the face of a matter of principle, NU always act decisively even without compromise. See how attitudes aimed umun NU Chairman KH. Hasyim against double standards of Western countries on the question of Iran muklir. NU considers that the ban is a violation of the rights of the Iranian people to develop their own technology. If they want to be fair all countries should develop nuclear technology in the form of nuclear weapons.
Attitudes and actions like this are taken NU is not passivity, but active steps exhausting and risky despised by many parties. However, in order to maintain the balance of national life and international political situation, then it must act decisively NU good against Islam or western group that manjalankan extremism and violence and injustice. NU did not hate the west or hate fellow Islamic understanding and thinking different, but NU strive for justice and peace.
Therefore, NU strongly denounced those who use religion to inflame the conflict, when it is clear that the purpose of conflict is often just to dredge economic interests by a multi-national corporation that is operating. Unfortunately religion should be used as a media pengobar well as victims of conflict.
Therefore NU reminiscent of the religion and the Muslims all over the world in order to always maintain harmony in order not to be provoked by efforts to provoke inter-religious and inter-sects in Islam, which would only weaken the strength and unity of the Islamic ummah.
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